Selected References
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Bain, Frances, Birds of Prince Edward Island: Their Habits and Characteristics, Haszard & Moore, 1891. pp 45.
Caccamise, Donald F. et al., “Roosting Behavior and Group Territoriality in American Crows” (1997). The Auk, Vol. 114, No. 4 (Oct., 1997), pp. 628-637, American Ornithological Society.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Nearly 3 Billion Birds Gone, (https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/bring-birds-back/)
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) sightings >= 1,000 crows reported to eBird from 2008 through 2017,” 2018 Unpublished
Granger, G. and Provorse, R. Conversation with Bob Sallinger, Conservation Director @ The Audubon Society of Portland, Sept 13, 2018.
Loman, Jon and Staffan Tamm, “Do Roosts Serve as "Information Centers" for Crows and Ravens?” (1980). The American Naturalist, Vol. 115, No. 2 (Feb., 1980), pp. 285-289, The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists.
Rosenberg et all, Decline of the North American Avifauna, Science Oct 4, 2019: Vol366, Issue 6461, pp. 120-124
Stouffer, Philip C. and Donald F. Caccam
ise, “Roosting and Diurnal Movements of Radio-Tagged American Crows” (1991). The Wilson Bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 3 (Sep., 1991), pp. 387-400, Wilson Ornithological Society.
Ward, Michael P. and Arlo Raim, “The fly-and-social foraging hypothesis for diurnal migration: why American crows migrate during the day” (2011). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 65, No. 7 (July 2011), pp. 1411-1418, Springer.
The Unlikely Story of Portlandia's Poem. Oregonian, September 3, 2015
https://audubonportland.org/local-birding/swiftwatch/swifts_landing
History of Portland's Roost
https://www.accuweather.com/en/videos/crows-claim-portland/lmajuwote6h6f_lmdslspcb6qc4qfjhb
Gilfillan, Julie, "Urban Falconry: A Very Portland Solution", OPB Feb. 22, 2018
https://www.opb.org/television/programs/ofg/segment/urban-falconry-a-very-portland-solution/
https://www.koin.com/news/hawks-unleashed-on-crows-in-downtown-portland/870087303
https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2018/02/latest_weapon_in_portlands_war.html
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “Counts of nocturnal roosting American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in downtown Portland, Oregon.” (2018). Unpublished data.
Calendar of Migration
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) sightings >= 1,000 crows reported to eBird from 2008 through 2017,” 2018 Unpublished data.
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “Counts of nocturnal roosting American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in downtown Portland, Oregon.” (2018). Unpublished data.
Community Science Project
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) sightings >= 1,000 crows reported to eBird from 2008 through 2017,” 2018 Unpublished data.
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “Counts of nocturnal roosting American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in downtown Portland, Oregon.” (2018). Unpublished data.
Granger, G., and Provorse, R., “Observations of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) During Nocturnal Roosting in Downtown Portland, Oregon, 2018.”. Poster presented at the 2019 Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium, PSU.
Other Urban Crow Roosts
Avery, Michael L. et al, “Effigies for Dispersing Urban Crow Roosts” (2008). USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, Gainesville, Florida.
Brittingham, Margaret C. “Managing Urban Crow Roosts in Pennsylvania and the Northeast” (2017). Penn State Extension.
Chipman, Richard B. et al, “Non-Lethal Management to Reduce Conflicts with Winter Urban Crow Roosts in New York: 2002. USDA National Wildlife Research Center.
Coggins, Herbert “Crow Roosts and Flight Lines in Southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey” (1901). Proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club.
Gorenzel, W. P. et al, “Evaluation of lasers to disperse American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, from urban night roosts” (2002). International Journal of Pest Management.
Gorenzel, W. Paul et al, “Linking GIS to Urban Crow Roost Management” (1996). Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society.
Gorenzel W. Paul et al, “Characteristics of American Crow Urban Roosts in California” (1995). The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Oct., 1995), pp. 638-645, Wiley on behalf of the Wildlife Society
Gorenzel W. Paul and Terrell P. Salmon, “Tape-Recorded Calls Disperse American Crows from Urban Roosts” (1993). Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006), Vol. 21, No. 3 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 334-338, Wiley on behalf of the Wildlife Society.
Gorenzel, W. Paul, “Urban crow roosts - a nationwide phenomenon?” (2000). Wildlife Damage Management Conferences -- Proceedings. 25.
Hunt, Chresswell T., “Change of Location of a Crow Roost” (1906). The Auk, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Oct., 1906), pp. 429-431, American Ornithological Society.
Pringle, Kirby "Danville Home to North America's Largest Crow Roost" The News-Gazette, Jan 4, 2004. Illinois
Rhoades, Samuel, “Crow Roosts and Roosting Crows” (1886). American Naturalist Extra
https://www.uwb.edu/visitors/crows
https://www.facebook.com/BothellCrows/
http://www.metrofieldguide.com/experience-10000-crows/